The incubation period for meningitis depends on the causative organism behind the meningitis, but generally ranges from two to 14 days. During the incubation period, the patient is usually not contagious. The classic trio of symptoms indicative of meningitis are headache, stiff neck, and high fever. Once these symptoms begin to appear, patients will be able to transmit the infectious organism to others. People with these symptoms should be evaluated and treated as quickly as possible.
This condition is an inflammation in the meninges, specialized membranes found around the brain and spinal cord. Viruses, fungi, and bacteria can cause meningitis, and vaccines are available to protect against common causes of meningitis. People contract the disease by inhaling secretions from patients with active infections, and it is most common in crowded settings such as barracks and college dorms, where it is difficult to protect people from infectious body fluids due to close contact.
During the incubation period of meningitis, the causative organisms will reproduce within the patient's body and eventually develop numbers large enough to cause inflammation. Some organisms cause clear symptoms in two to three days, a short incubation period for meningitis. Other organisms multiply more slowly or are more effectively combated by the immune system, allowing two weeks or more to pass before the patient begins to develop symptoms.
Meningitis can be a serious condition with the potential to cause significant complications. People who have been exposed to a person with known meningitis should be vigilant during the incubation period of meningitis for early signs of infection, and should seek medical treatment as quickly as possible. People with compromised immune systems, such as AIDS patients and people with cancer, need aggressive and prompt treatment to prevent dangerous meningitis complications.
Once symptoms appear, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid may be taken to find out what is causing the meningitis. This will allow doctors to prescribe an appropriate medication to kill the organisms. Treatment may also include monitoring the pressure inside the skull, with interventions if the swelling appears to be causing complications such as a dangerous increase in intracranial pressure. There is a risk of permanent brain damage if brain tissue is compressed or damaged during the meningitis episode, and the patient may develop long-term problems such as cognitive deficits and seizures. People diagnosed with meningitis can alert friends and family to the incubation period for meningitis so they know what to expect.