What Does secession Mean
The Latin word secessio , which refers to a “separation” , arrived in Castilian as secession . This is the name of the process that leads a people to split from a nation , proclaiming the autonomy of its territory.
Secession implies leaving a political entity or union . In general, those who seek secession allude to insurmountable differences with the rest of the corporation or organization , with which they intend to move away.
It is important to differentiate between secession and independence . Secession is a mechanism that appears when there is a pre-existing State that intends to stop being part of an association with other States . Independence, on the other hand, takes place when a community wants to establish a new state.
A characteristic example of secession took place in the United States Civil War , known in fact as the Civil War . From a confrontation linked to slavery , the secessionists of the Confederate States (slavers) opposed the nationalists of the Union (abolitionists).
In this way, seven states that were in favor of slavery made the decision to declare their secession from the United States to announce the birth of the Confederate States of America , an entity that was not recognized neither by the American authorities nor by foreign states. . Four other US states later joined the group .
After four years of fighting and more than 200,000 deaths, the Union prevailed and the Civil War came to an end. Slavery, in this way, was also abolished in those States that intended to maintain it and the territorial integrity of the United States was recovered .
On the other hand we can speak of the Viennese secession , which among other names is also known as Viennese separatism . It is a movement that was founded in 1897 by nineteen artists who were part of the Künstlerhaus school and who had left the Association of Austrian Artists. Depending on your point of view, it can be said that the Viennese secession was part of what we now call modernism .
This secession had the objective of renewing art, and for this it sought to reinterpret the existing styles until then. One of the triggers was industrial production and its impact on art and the people. The first to assume the presidency of this movement was Gustav Klimt , a Symbolist painter whose style was characterized by the widespread use of ornaments.
With regard to the historical context of the Viennese secession, we must point out that the country was in the midst of many crises whose scope covered both the political, religious, economic and social sectors. In addition to Klimt, other of the most prominent representatives of this movement were Ferndinand Andri, Joseph Maria Olbrich and Koloman Moser .
Although we can include the Viennese secession in modernism, as mentioned in a previous paragraph, it is necessary to say that it has notable differences with Art nouveau and others like it: although they all pursue elegance, formal sobriety is more important in secession and sometimes a severe tone; It is also possible to show expressionism and, given its disruptive character, avant-garde.
Its evolution was very fast, from illustrative allegory to floral style and separatism. Among its most common resources were the cleanliness and clarity of its signs, the simplicity of its flat figures with geometric figures above others less defined and the modular design to give organic results, generally merging the image with the text. The posters belong to the realm of culture and not of commerce. Order, structure and balance are some of its fundamental pillars.