Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection that takes up residence in an individual's lungs is known as MRSA pneumonia. The rapid development of this form of staph infection can pose a serious threat to one's life that requires prompt and proper medical attention. Treatment for this form of MRSA infection often requires hospitalization and the administration of aggressive antibiotics, fluids, and supplemental oxygen. It is essential that all medications are taken to the final dose to prevent re-infection. Of the many presentations of MRSA infection, MRSA pneumonia has a high mortality rate.
Exposure to MRSA infection can occur either in the community or in an institutional setting, such as a hospital or clinic. Due to the ubiquitous nature of the bacterial pathogen, MRSA is most commonly transmitted through a skin cut or laceration. Healthy people exposed to this form of staph bacteria may not experience any signs or symptoms, while others may begin to develop signs of infection right away. It has been suggested that the development of MRSA infection is often based on the overuse of antibiotic medications for viral illnesses, leaving some people vulnerable to bacteria and staphylococci.
Since the bacteria enter the body through a skin abrasion, most infections manifest as skin irritation. It is important to note that once staph bacteria enters an individual's system, it can settle anywhere in the body. When the bacteria settle in the lungs, it is known as MRSA pneumonia and poses a serious threat to the general health of the individual. The most severe manifestations of infection generally occur in those with compromised or weakened immunity due to the presence of a chronic condition, recent infection, or medical procedure.
Requiring hospitalization, staph pneumonia is usually diagnosed in the same way as other forms of MRSA infection. A sample of tissue or discharge, such as urinalysis, blood culture, or sputum, is obtained and sent for laboratory analysis. While awaiting test results, which typically take up to 48 hours, the individual is usually placed on an aggressive antibiotic regimen and fluids are administered to stabilize their condition.
People with MRSA pneumonia often develop the same telltale signs and symptoms associated with MRSA infection, in addition to those associated with a pneumonic presentation. During the initial stages of infection, symptomatic individuals may develop malaise, pain, and headache. As the infection progresses, some may experience pronounced fatigue, fever, and chills. Once the bacteria settle in the lungs, people often develop shortness of breath and chest pain.
After the diagnosis of MRSA pneumonia has been confirmed, aggressive treatment is usually given to clear the infection from the body and prevent complications from developing. Generally, a full regimen of aggressive antibiotic medications is given to rid the body of the infection and prevent recurring illness. Intravenous (IV) fluids may be given to prevent dehydration and supplemental oxygen may also be given to make it easier for the individual to breathe. Depending on your level of discomfort, a mild pain reliever may be given to help relieve chest pain.
The prognosis associated with MRSA pneumonia depends entirely on the severity of the condition and the timeliness of treatment. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced pneumonia carries a significantly high mortality rate; therefore, prompt and appropriate treatment is essential for a good prognosis. Complications associated with MRSA infection can include toxic shock syndrome, organ failure, and spread of infection to other parts of the body, including blood poisoning or sepsis, and cellulitis.