Klebsiella bacteria are a very common genus of bacteria that thrive in humans. Normally, there are large concentrations of Klebsiella bacteria living in the colon that are beneficial for normal digestion. However, the bacteria can cause serious health problems if certain strains invade other organs and organ systems outside of the digestive tract. Infections are more likely to occur in a hospital or other setting where large groups of people are in close contact. Prompt treatment of a Klebsiella bacteria infection with highly concentrated antibiotics is essential to prevent life-threatening complications and reduce the risk of an epidemic.
Several different species of Klebsiella bacteria can cause infection in humans, but the most common pathogen is K. pneumoniae which targets the lungs and airways. K. pneumoniae it can enter the respiratory tract if it is present on an unsterilized breathing tube, a doctor's hands or gloves, or on unwashed bedding. The bacteria quickly adhere to the lining of the alveoli in the lungs and induce severe inflammation, swelling, and eventual tissue death. An infected person may have chest tightness, shortness of breath, a wet cough with blood, and extreme fatigue.
Other common strains of Klebsiella bacteria, including K. oxytoca They can also damage the lungs. Infections can also develop at the site of surgical skin wounds or in the urinary tract. Skin infections usually turn red, itchy, sore, and swollen within a few hours. Urinary tract problems include blood in the urine stream and frequent, painful urination. Rarely, bacteria that reach the bloodstream can enter the circulation and cause life-threatening heart, kidney, and brain complications.
Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent the fatal outcomes of Klebsiella bacterial infections. A doctor may collect sputum, blood, and urine samples for laboratory testing. Culture samples from laboratory personnel to confirm the presence of Klebsiella and identify the particular strain involved. Once a diagnosis is made, a patient is quarantined and given intravenous antibiotic treatment. The bacteria can be highly resistant to common antibiotics, including penicillin, so two or more drugs are usually given at the same time until doctors find an effective combination.
Most people who get immediate treatment can make a full recovery in one to four weeks. In emergency situations, additional treatments, such as oxygen therapy and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, are provided to stabilize breathing. People are usually kept in quarantine rooms until they are completely symptom-free; then they are usually sent home with a supply of oral antibiotics. Follow-up visits are important to confirm that the bacteria have been completely eradicated.