Inflammation of the renal pelvis, also known as pyelonephritis, is characterized by swelling and irritation of the portion of the kidney that channels urine into the tube known as the ureter. From the ureter, urine is transported to the bladder in preparation for its elimination from the body. The main cause of inflammation of the renal pelvis is a bacterial infection that can lead to permanent kidney damage if left untreated. Symptoms of this inflammation often include pain, fever, and nausea. Treatment options for renal pelvic inflammation may include antibiotics, pain relievers, and the use of a heating pad.
Urinary tract infections are quite common, especially among women, and can lead to inflammation of the renal pelvis as bacteria spread throughout the urinary system. Pain in the lower back, side, and abdomen is often the first symptom of pyelonephritis and may be accompanied by a burning or stinging sensation when urinating. A person with this condition may feel an almost constant urge to urinate, even when the bladder is essentially empty.
Fever and chills can sometimes occur as a result of inflammation of the renal pelvis. Nausea and vomiting are relatively common symptoms as well. Urine tests can reveal the presence of blood, pus, and a high number of white blood cells. Occasionally, the patient may notice a small amount of blood after urinating.
Antibiotics are the standard treatment for inflammation of the renal pelvis. Due to the possible severity of this type of infection, these antibiotics may need to be taken for several weeks. In the most severe cases, intensive antibiotic therapy in a hospital may be necessary. Without proper treatment, permanent kidney damage can occur, leading to the eventual need for dialysis or transplantation. If the infection passes into the bloodstream, it can cause a life-threatening blood infection known as sepsis.
Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers may be needed to control discomfort associated with pyelonephritis. This pain can range from mildly irritating to severely debilitating. If kidney damage has occurred, the types of pain relievers used may be limited. A heating pad placed on the affected kidney for about 15 minutes at a time can also help relieve discomfort. A physician should be consulted with any specific questions or concerns about renal pelvic inflammation or the most appropriate treatment options for an individual situation.