Meaning of Art
Art was a discipline designed to entertain the crowd in ancient times, in addition, it was considered as an enhanced vehicle in which feelings can be observed, heard and felt without leaving their state of abstraction. However, from a rational point of view, they are different categories in which a subject with skills to perform them dares to innovate with different works, building sculptures, making spectacular poetry or taking a simple camera and capturing simple but profound moments; from music, through painting to clothing design.
The definition of this term refers to the fact that the word came to belong to expressions made for men who tried to show a sensitive vision of the world. It is a concept that includes all the realizations of the human body to express a sensible vision about the world, be it real or imaginary.
Its definition is valid for various resources, being able to be plastic, sound or linguistic, in order to express ideas, emotions, perceptions and sensations, for example abstractionism that uses a distorted visual language.
Basically, it is made up of some divisions, among the best known and most common are literature, in which stories are portrayed in different ways and with different longevity , in addition to refining some aspects to embellish the writing.
There is also painting, which can be found in different places, since from it it was possible to define what art is for commercial promotion, which, in turn, different instruments were used that helped translate ideas onto a canvas, almost always with paints or colored pencils.
In addition to the previous two, the sculpture is included , in which various scenes with unique characters were made from stones of different origins and classes. There is also the cinema, one of the most important today. It is one in which just by filming a shocking story, the producer is able to qualify as an artist.
It should be noted that today, many things are considered as an artistic movement, in addition, much progress has been registered significantly changing what the term means. The artistic skills are illusions capable of capturing unprecedented moments, leaving aside the truth, this may be seen as a simple expression of a very talented being and with a sea of deep feelings.
History of art
The history of artistic works is supported by other complementary disciplines such as archeology, anthropology, geology and the history of other sciences to more accurately corroborate the data that have been obtained from movable and real estate remains, either with decorative, functional intention such as propaganda, religious worship, or the need to perpetuate the history of art and its civilization, leaving the mark of its existence.
Its history is also supported by several disciplines and different sciences, in addition, it is obtained through the results of a more complete study of the artistic manifestations that were studied in the past, among which are sculpture, architecture, painting, ceramics, music, dance and poetry, etc. Same that have been added thanks to the technical and evolutionary development of society, such as the case of digital audiovisual media and this has been part of artistic history in order to stay in time.
Medieval art
It is an epoch in history that developed over a long time for a great expanse of space. During the Middle Ages, which spans from the 10th to the 15th century, they represent more than a millennium of such skills employed in regions of North Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. That is why medieval artistic prowess is considered one of the most extended periods in history.
It includes various artistic movements from different periods , among which regional, local and national ones can be included, also counting on various genres, a series of flowering stages which were defined as rebirth and also with various Outstanding works of art and artists themselves who in the High Middle Ages remained anonymous.
In the period called Late Antiquity , the classical artistic heritage was incorporated by the Roman Empire with contributions also from primitive Christianity and barbarian culture.
- Pre-Romanesque art : it is known as the historiography of the first great cycle of medieval artistic skills in Western Europe, coinciding with the High Middle Ages. It was coined by Jean Hubert in 1938.Stylistically, it does not designate an aesthetic movement with well-defined artistic forms, but rather as a generic expression that encompasses the artistic production of Latin Christianity between the early Christian and Romanesque artistic craft.
This type of skill is made up of a fairly heterogeneous group in which different proposals have been combined, including Christian art , the various options that stood out at the beginning of the Middle Ages, such as Byzantine, Roman, Pre-Romanesque, the Germanic and the Arabic. Of all of them, it was transformed into a specific type of language that was manifested in the different artistic proposals, that is, architecture, sculpture, painting, and others.
- Romanesque art : are all those artistic works made in the countries belonging to Western Europe in a period between the eleventh and twelfth centuries and a portion of the thirteenth century.This type of artistic skill is characterized by being focused on spirituality , this is because the Romanesque ingenuity usually fuses elements belonging to various cultures such as Germanic, Roman, Byzantine, Arabic, among others, which had been used independently during the Middle Ages.
In countries such as Italy, Spain, Germany and France, this type of skill arose almost at the same time, adopting its own particularities in each one of them but each one with common elements, which allowed all these artistic samples to be encompassed in a single universal character. .
Modern Art
It is a current of artistic renewal developed in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, being the most prolific in artistic history. During those years, many more or less structured trends and movements were happening at a dizzying pace, with an international character. Modern artistic skills value different kinds of experience that, to a large extent, take you away from the pursuit of abstract beauty .
First, it will seek to represent all the experiences that everyday life would have in the context of a new society. A full expression of this trend can be found in avant-garde experimental artistic pursuits that had a strong attempt at breaking and even transgression.
Contemporary art
It is one that is located in current times and that is linked to modern societies. His works represent the artistic expressions created during the 20th century. However, some texts state that contemporary art is that which was made after the Second World War. Many art museums call contemporary art all those collections created in that period.
It can be said then that the notion of contemporary art corresponds to each era in which it occurs. Which means that this trade can be produced at any stage in history and will always be contemporary , for those who are within that period. For example, contemporary, it was the work created by Da Vinci for those who were present in the 15th century.
- Museum of contemporary art of Barcelona : in legal areas, its name is Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona, it is a room dedicated to the exhibition of works made in the mid-twentieth century. This is located in the El Raval sector in the city of Barcelona, a few meters from the Axis of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona. It was pronounced by the generality of Catalonia as a museum of national interest . The current director is Ferran Barenblit.The museum displays works belonging to artists from the last 50 years of history. The museum was inaugurated in 1995 and its design was made by the North American Richard Meier, in its interior contemporary works by artists such as Paul Klee, Antoni Tapies, Mario Merz, Francesc Torre and Zush are displayed, these artists sought to show in their works the legacy and citrus art that was established in the twentieth century, showing his way of seeing the political reality and culture of the great city of Barcelona.
Art media
These are all those tools used to create an artistic work, these are classified in aspects that will be explained below.
plastic arts
They are all those creations of the human being, which seek to express in an artistic way with plastic resources , their sensitive vision of the real or imaginary world and these can be expressed in different media such as painting, sculpture, architecture, among others.
It should be noted that photography, jewelry, haute couture, ceramics and engraving are part of the plastic arts. Plastic works are all those that use materials that can be modified or molded by the artist to create a work of art.
Graphic arts
Reference is made to the elaboration of all kinds of visual elements, mostly those made from drawing and engraving techniques, however, this is usually restricted especially to techniques that have some relationship with the printing press.
It can then be said that graphic works include a series of artistic processes whose purpose is the creation and elaboration of a design , for which a medium is used and the transfer of the aforementioned image to a substrate, developing from there with it an expression of art.
Among the main graphic arts can be included various areas such as Graphic Design, the press, the very different printing systems, finishes and binding.
Digital arts
It refers to any form of creation in digitized language , where technology is largely predominant. Sometimes digital media supersede creation as such, but in digital works, it is more about the creation of machines, computers, and digital technologies than it is about media.
The computer is a new artistic medium. As in any art form, there is everything from 3D manga drawings to gigantic installations that project digital images onto building facades. Digital art today covers many artistic disciplines, such as video, film, television, live performance, and even literature with poetry.
The techniques in this aspect refer to any form of virtual art, that is to say, art on the net. It is also called interactive digital art , cyberart or net art and groups others such as abstract digital landscapes, fractal images, 3D images, computer-assisted animations, universe in augmented virtual reality, any digital device with artistic objectives, etc.
Classification of art
It depends intimately on the concept that exists and is developed in each culture. To that extent, it is impossible to make universal assertions of what is or is not considered an artistic skill because each culture has its own scale of values to validate or not, a manifestation as an artistic work.
While for ancient Chinese culture, art was made up of activities related to war, science and calligraphy, in ancient Greece, they have music, astronomy and poetry, among many others.
During the Middle Ages in Europe, the classification of artistic works responded to other needs and in it philosophy, rhetoric and geometry, but also in the space of architecture, sculpture and painting.
It is towards the Renaissance, when the individuality and identity of the artist take on more importance, that he begins to outline a classification closer to that known today in the Western world. In the 18th century the term fine arts was used .
- Architecture
Architecture is the artistic representation whose function is to satisfy private, public and aesthetic needs. It is also considered as the process that allows ordering, delimiting and conveniently configuring the human living space , fundamentally involving planning, building and building.
Planning, which precedes execution, consists of a sketch or project of a spatial arrangement . Construction requires elements that must be consistent with project requirements, technical possibilities, financial means and the characteristics of the sites.
The building is the practical realization or execution of the project. Historically, architecture can be divided according to the succession of stylistic trends (Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, etc.) to the pluralism and eclecticism of the trends of our time. On the other hand, architecture can also be considered according to the purpose or the need to satisfy.
- Sculpture
Sculpture is the art of modeling clay, carving in stone, wood or other materials. Sculpture includes all the arts of carving and chiselling, along with casting and molding. Within sculpture, the use of different combinations of materials and media originated in a new artistic repertoire, comprising processes such as constructivism and assembly. In a generic sense, it is understood by plastic arts sculpture made by the sculptor.
- Painting and drawing
Drawing is the skill of graphing objects on a flat surface. It is the basis of all creation and, in turn, is a conventional means of expressing the shape of an object. Painting is a structure of planes, using colored masses. Mainly, it is done with a brush or with colors, on a canvas or anywhere else. But it is normal for people to get these two terms wrong, because the materials and the way they are made are almost the same.
- Music
Music is the artistic representation of the organization in a logical and sensitive way, in addition, it is a coherent combination of sounds and silences using the fundamental principles of rhythm, melody and harmony.
- Literature and poetry
Poetry is a literary genre appreciated in the midst of this world of haste, today it is a space dedicated to contemplation and art. It can be entered for its musicality for children and for its emotional intensity for adolescents.
Poetry invites us to make a different reading of the world, it is a way of being inspired by the beauty of life, it is a way of showing the feeling.
To enjoy poetry, it must be read aloud, since poetry is the artistic expression of the word, its sound, rhythm and cadence. In poetry the fundamental thing is not so much to unravel the meaning as to listen to its music, in addition, the poems must be related to other artistic areas. In fact, poetry suggests much more than describing, as it stimulates the imagination.
- Theater
The word theater comes from the Greek Theater which means a place to contemplate. Its most important characteristic is the staging, it is live and its conditions lie in being a spectator public, having a story to tell and tell that is treated through a plot in which various elements are combined stories such as actors, music, sound, scenery and above all there is a lot of emphasis on gestures, in non-verbal language that is communicated through gestures and activity, it is about response emotions.
I clarify the previous point, it could be said that the soul of the theater is the communication of emotions through efforts in gestures. Likewise, the theater bears this name not only to the performance but also to the physical space where this performance takes place.
It must also be said that the theater is not only the scenography, the actors, the plot, but also the costumes, because it defines the personality of the actors, communicates visually through this as hierarchies and social situations, and that with it, the performance is shown in time and space.
- Dance
Dance is also known as dancing, it is about using artistic representations through the use of movements that tend to be accompanied by music. Dance is used as a form of expression of feelings or moods , for the purpose of social interactions or various celebrations.
It is a non-verbal language through body movements alone, in pairs or in groups, as described in the language. The main types of dance are contemporary dance as a style that expresses feelings, through freedom of movement without a specific theme to represent.
Modern dance, on the other hand, is subject to specific rules, becoming a way of being a dancer, takes off shoes and expresses an idea, sensation or feeling. Classical dance expresses the beauty of body expression. Within this classical style, there is classical and modern ballet, in which the classical is described in the clothing or the type of movements.
Popular or urban dances, in which expressions are combined with scenic art, encompassing many types of dances such as ballroom dances. Folkloric or regional dances that, in principle, deal with certain regions and in this way seek to express the way of being of the inhabitants of each region.
Popular dances are often confused with regional or folk dances. These dances are intended to bring groups together to dance. Dance is a practice in many communities around the world and continues to preserve its original elements.
- Cinema
Cinema is the artistic representation that recreates images in constant movement . Among the objectives of the cinema are to entertain, distract and dilute boredom and worries in exchange for a very personal and once social (mass) representative feeling.
In this sense, the cinema is defined as a spectacle. Indeed, it is capable of creating wonder, delight, pain, fear, etc. Attracting attention and activating intellectual contemplation until identification with the technical story is achieved.
The power of awareness that cinema has supports its conception as a spectacle. In addition, in the same chapter you can see a "type of show among others" (theater, television, sports, music), coupled with fiction made for enjoyment.
It can also be said that cinema is the seventh art and also as a human activity that creates beauty through a display of intelligence and the creative will to arouse feelings that involve the person.
Referencing the elements of art, with the cinema the feeling that any author carries in himself is being expressed, creating an artistic or immaterial object for aesthetic purposes, which penetrates the world of the sensible and what excites the observer; so, gather the fundamental references to be an art. But also, you have to take into account the theme of music, sound, image, gesture or language. Without a doubt, the cinema is a masterpiece from the point of view of the means that it has used to create.
- Photography
Photography was born in France, at a time of transition from pre-industrial society to industrial society, favored by the technical innovations of the time. Positivist Philosophy also influences its birth, which establishes that each element of nature must be empirically tested. The Bourgeoisie was the dominant social class at that time, which used the portrait as an instrument of verification and affirmation of social ascent.
In 1816 Niépce obtained a first negative image , imperfect and unstable, with a camera obscura. In 1826, he obtained his first Heliography , starting from Judean bitumen or Asphalt.
Louis Daguerre is associated with Niépce, to continue the investigations. But in 1833 Niépce died, and Daguerre continued alone until obtaining a reliable and commercial procedure. The photography is an important activity because of the connection of human beings and their relationship, so much that many factors are beneficial for those who use this form of artistic expression.
Photography is the act by which a person, through the use of a photographic camera prepared to reflect their optics of the reality that is observed, requires knowledge in the use of lenses and work with lighting. It is about instant portraits or capturing a particular moment in life.
Photography has a characteristic that generates an image that serves as a memory of that moment that will never be repeated, which in addition to being seen and understood through the eyes of the person taking the photograph, can also make that image unrepeatable.
- Comic
It is a visual means of verb-iconic narration that communicates the stories of one or more characters. That is, through a series of images (made up of drawn caricatures) that are complemented by texts. It is a cultural product that seeks to persuade large audiences and has its own codes.
The comic or cartoon is a sociolinguistic product. The comic strip is a semiotic system, which has a denotation and a connotation. The ideological function of this medium has been little analyzed, but the work so far allows us to affirm that the comic is an ideological apparatus.
Art elements
The elements that compose it are talent, concept, medium, context, reference, style, value and aesthetics. All of the above influence the conformation of art in its different manifestations.
It is an activity that human beings have developed since they appeared on earth until today and that they will never stop doing because it involves all their senses, emotions, imagination and knowledge.
What distinguishes art from science is that the creator of an artistic work can fill his creation with value and have defense of his point of view based on his knowledge and sensitivity; While in science, everything can be refuted, laws or theories can be invalidated through exhaustive investigations, where works of art have permanent value .
There are various elements that compose it and it is divided into different expressions, these are music, painting, dance, plastic arts, photography, multimedia, Installations and Theater among others. It is very wide, but it is integrated with the same elements such as: space, shape, color, sound, harmony, rhythm and movement; each of these elements have qualities that distinguish one artistic expression from another.
- The artist
He is the one who gives life to the work, is the protagonist and who is inspired by materializing the fine arts.
- The masterpiece
This concept establishes a distinction with that of craftsmanship. A work of art is conceived as a unique and unrepeatable piece , whose purpose is only aesthetic and not utilitarian. In this sense, the name of the author or artist is of vital importance, for example, the painting La Gioconda, by Leonardo da Vinci. Artisan works are conceived to be reproduced and can be linked to daily functions. For example, basketry or handmade ceramic pieces.
When a particular work of art stands out in a unique way in quality over other pieces by the same author and achieves surprising significance. For example, the work that made Picasso famous as a cubist was The Damsels and Avignon, it is considered that his masterpiece was the Guernica painting.
- The public
In the field of what the visual arts are, the concept of spectator responds to a passive attitude on the part of the public, it is a way of openly contemplating the subject of the person in front of the work.
The evolution of the art-public relationship and visual arts increased a lot, for example, it occurs in performance presentations or installation works that have electrical circuits that work controlled by the public, in this way, what they are is complemented. visual arts.
- Perception
Perception is the first process , it is the response, the first step that man takes, touch, vision, hearing, among others, in order to understand the object, acquiring a representation of reality. The light, the sounds, the flavors, are some of the results. Sometimes the senses work together, especially smell and taste, both work and reading their substances.
On the one hand, the smell receives the dissolved particles in the air and the other, the taste receives the responses in the mouth and they dissolve in the saliva. For example, a fruit can deliver both content and taste and although the different areas are obtained, they are necessary to create a complete image of taste and smell.
Probably the most complex sense is touch , and you look at the large number of receptors, in addition to the traditional ones, for information about temperature, pain and pressure, origins, tendons, joints and muscles. Have an internal perception of movement, mechanics, and location. In conclusion, perception consists of an internal representation of what the external world is.
How art is valued
The artistic work is not only creation (the painter before the canvas, the sculptor with his tools, the video artist planning his video-installation, etc.). It is above all mysticism , what is done for the sake of creation, inspiration. Local museums and other national ones such as the modern art museum have been created that contemplate different works and new themes that are not limited only to the so-called Fine Arts.
In one way or another, artistic works have become more accessible to the great masses and the influence of these historical artistic works has been observed in countless forms of design expression today and in the expressions of artists.
It must be taken into account that the rise of the media has been fundamental for the better study and dissemination of modern art in our days and has contributed to the proliferation of artists with new aesthetic visions .
But, of course, they have also established themselves in the cultural heritage of the past. In fact, modern art has begun to be included in the cinema. Photography is also regarded as the eighth art (although it is sometimes claimed to be an extension of painting) and comics as the ninth.
Other modern media such as television, fashion, body painting, advertising and video games are other disciplines considered as artistic.
What are martial arts
They are a series of techniques created for defense and fighting in combat . They are characterized by the organized form of their combat methods, the coherence and codification of their techniques, which have allowed them to differentiate themselves from street fights.
Today, martial techniques are practiced for a variety of reasons, including personal protection, sports, health, mental discipline, and self-confidence.
The most representative features of these techniques is the way in which the balance between the body, the psyche and the spirit is exercised , adding a philosophical current for each discipline that emanates and that is transferred from generation to generation, improving each time the style.
Martial arts have been practiced since millennia, emerging as a way to preserve physical integrity , causing the least possible damage in the face of aggression and perfecting strength and endurance.