The antibacterial fabric resists colonization by bacteria to reduce the risk of infection spreading and the development of unpleasant odours. It can be used in healthcare settings to protect patients and is also found in products such as sportswear and bedding. There are several ways to treat fabric to create antibacterial properties of varying effectiveness. Textile manufacturers involved in research and development on this topic are interested in identifying cost-effective ways to control bacterial growth on fabrics.
Some fibers naturally resist bacterial growth, particularly bamboo. Fabrics made from bamboo fiber can be less hospitable to microorganisms and this can withstand numerous launderings. Other fabrics must be treated with sauces, sprays, and other finishes that cover the fabric or components. The best option may depend on how the fabric will be used.
Nanoparticles are used in some antibacterial fabrics, particularly silver particles. These can confer long-lasting protection against unwanted organisms. Fabric designers must consider human and environmental health when adding finishes to textile products and therefore exercise caution in recommended coatings. One concern with nanoparticles is the possibility of being absorbed through the skin and causing health problems.
Bandages and other medical products can be made from antibacterial fabric to reduce risks to patients. They can limit the spread of disease and control infection by inhibiting the growth of bacterial colonies in the patient's own body. Other infection control measures, such as regularly removing dressings to clean wounds and applying new bandages, are still necessary. It is also important to avoid relying too much on the protection offered by the fabric, as some organisms can be resistant.
In sports teams and other contexts, antibacterial fabric is often marketed to people concerned about odors. Bacterial colonies have trouble living on fabric, which can reduce odors and stains caused by heavy perspiration. The fabric can also resist fungus and other unwanted microorganisms, depending on the design. This can also be useful for products like towels and bathrobes, which can attract colonies because they can spend a lot of time in hot, humid environments that facilitate growth.
There are several treatments available for fabrics to help them resist bacteria. Manufacturers can offer a variety of options to customers. It is usually possible to request antibacterial fabric samples to determine how the treatment affects the appearance of the finished fabric. This can help clients decide which option would be the most suitable.