From the Greek, the word aneurysm means "dilation or enlargement," which is exactly what happens to a blood vessel when an aneurysm occurs.
An aneurysm can be compared to a bleb, but it occurs inside the body. Although there are different types of aneurysm, the most common is the brain. Brain aneurysm occurs when the arteries that are responsible for supplying blood to the brain become weak.
The artery weakens, and as blood continues to flow through the weakened spot, that section of the artery 'swells'. With continued pressure on the weakened area, the aneurysm can eventually burst, often causing serious consequences such as stroke, brain death, or fatal blood loss.
However, the rupture is not always fatal, and immediate treatment can save the patient's life. Surgery may be indicated to cut out the aneurysm or to insert a period of blood flow. This type of surgery is said to be safe and effective and may be the best option to prevent future bleeding, water on the brain, and thinning of the arteries.
Aneurysm can be caused by disease or injury, but some people are genetically predisposed to aneurysm due to low elasticity of their arteries. Other risk factors include blockages such as plaque, cigarette smoking, high blood pressure, and blood infections. Aneurysms develop where the pressure is strongest, commonly in areas where blood vessels split and branch to other areas of the body.
Aneurysms often go unrecognized as there may be no symptoms until a rupture occurs, or the symptoms may mimic other conditions. Headaches are the most common symptom of a brain aneurysm, but many people ignore their headaches or just take an aspirin and go to bed. If you experience neck pain, facial pain, blurred vision, or difficulty speaking along with a severe headache, you should see your doctor immediately. Your doctor may examine you to rule out other problems and may recommend an MRI or CT scan.
If an aneurysm is discovered, the doctor will recommend regular check-ups to monitor it, or suggest treatment if it is likely to rupture, depending on the size and type of aneurysm. Treatment options may include medications to lower blood pressure, or surgery may be necessary, depending on the general health of the patient.