Advanced arthritis is a term used to describe later stage arthritis. By affecting multiple joints simultaneously, advanced arthritis is considered a degenerative condition that requires long-term treatment to control symptoms. People with advanced arthritis are placed on a multifaceted treatment program that can include medications and physical therapies. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair joint damage.
Unfortunately, there is no single test to detect arthritis. Initially, a physical examination of the affected area is performed. Subsequent tests may include blood and urine tests to check for markers indicative of inflammation. Imaging tests are done to assess the degree of inflammation and the condition of the affected joint. If there is fluid buildup around the affected joint, a sample of the fluid may be collected for laboratory analysis.
There are several causes of arthritis. The most common trigger for arthritic symptoms is age-related wear and tear on the joints. Bones are naturally cushioned by cartilage, allowing joints to move freely. Arthritis occurs when cartilage breaks down and affected bones can grind against each other. This grinding in the joints causes inflammation of the soft tissues and fluid accumulation and impairs the flexibility of the joints.
The initial signs of arthritis are stiff joints, especially after prolonged periods of immobility. As arthritis progresses, people notice that the affected joint may bulge, swell, and feel warm to the touch. Although the initial arthritic symptoms can affect a single joint, advanced arthritis affects several joints at the same time.
Advanced arthritis can significantly affect quality of life. Prolonged inflammation and cartilage degeneration can affect the ability to use the affected joint. For example, if the hands or knees are affected, the person may not be able to hold objects or walk easily. Advanced arthritis can also cause joint paralysis, ultimately making daily functioning nearly impossible.
Managing arthritis can involve multiple approaches. Topical and oral medications designed to reduce inflammation are an essential part of treatment. Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used to relieve discomfort. Some people may choose to wear a splint to relieve joint stress. Additional measures may include the use of hot or cold compresses and massage therapy.
Arthritis in later stages requires more aggressive therapy. Like rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system attacks healthy joints, arthritis can also be treated with corticosteroid medications that help suppress the immune system in an effort to ease inflammation. Constant physical therapy is also used to promote joint flexibility.
When advanced arthritis has caused joint deformity or disability, surgery may be done. In some cases, joint replacement may be an option to restore function. Joint fusion, another surgical treatment, involves removing the affected joint and reshaping nearby bones. Artificial support, such as pins, is inserted to hold nearby bones in place as they fuse.
Advanced arthritis is a diagnosis that carries the risk of significant long-term complications. People with generalized inflammation and deterioration of the joints experience chronic discomfort and may not be able to participate in daily activities. Over time, it is not uncommon for permanent disability to occur.