A torn calf muscle occurs when one or both of the major muscles of the lower leg are put under great strain. Muscle fibers are very flexible, but they can be severed when a sudden, strong force causes them to stretch beyond their normal range of motion. Calf muscle tears are common among athletes who play fast-paced, high-impact sports like football and hockey. They can also occur during awkward falls or overly aggressive runs and jumps. A torn calf muscle can usually heal in about two months with rest, home remedies, pain relievers, and careful rehabilitation exercises.
Calf injuries most often affect the large muscle called the gastrocnemius that runs from the knee to the Achilles tendon in the ankle. A smaller, deeper muscle called the soleus may also be involved in a larger injury. A torn calf muscle can occur when the leg is stretched, twisted, or impacted with great force. A soccer player, for example, could sustain a calf injury during a hard tackle that lands him on the ground in an awkward position. Runners can also experience tears if they don't properly stretch and warm up before sprinting.
Doctors classify calf muscle injuries into three different grades, or stages of severity. Stage one muscle tears are minor and the pain is not debilitating. When a very small tear occurs, a person may feel tightness and pain in the leg for several days, but still be able to participate in some activities. Tears in stage two usually cause severe pain, tenderness, and moderate swelling. A stage three tear can cause severe pain and swelling that prevent an individual from bearing weight on the injured leg.
A stage one torn calf muscle usually starts to feel better within a couple of weeks. A person can speed the healing process by resting the leg, applying ice packs several times a day, and taking over-the-counter pain relievers. It is important to perform light stretching exercises once symptoms improve to gradually regain strength. Most doctors suggest that strenuous activity should be avoided for at least a month after a calf injury to prevent further damage to the muscle.
A doctor should evaluate a calf muscle tear that is accompanied by severe pain, swelling, and mobility problems. A doctor may perform a physical exam and possibly take X-rays to determine the extent of the damage. He or she might suggest wearing a supportive brace or wrap for several weeks during the healing phase to prevent re-injury. Prescription anti-inflammatory medications and pain relievers can help with symptoms. If possible, patients are encouraged to attend physical therapy sessions with licensed trainers a few months after their injuries to safely regain strength and flexibility.