What is a liver cyst?

A liver cyst or hepatic cyst is, simply put, a cyst in the liver of an organism. It is usually called a simple cyst or a non-parasitic cyst. These usually do not cause complications or even symptoms, and often do not require treatment, unless they are causing complications for the patient. Doctors are still trying to figure out what causes most of these cysts, but in some cases, they can be caused by serious medical complications.

In most cases, the cause of a liver cyst is unknown. However, many doctors believe that these cysts are probably genetic and are already present when a person is born. A small percentage of liver cysts are caused by other serious medical problems. Certain diseases, such as polycystic liver disease, Caroli's disease, and liver cancer, can cause multiple cysts to form in the liver.

Another, less common cause of liver cysts is a parasitic infection of the liver, known as echinococcal or hydatic disease. This often happens when food contaminated with the eggs of a certain type of tapeworm is eaten. In the United States, this disease is quite rare, but a few cases have been reported. Most commonly, it can be found in countries in South America, Africa, and Asia.

Usually filled with a fluid or thick fluid, a liver cyst will rarely cause any complications or symptoms in the patient. Many of them will go unnoticed for years or possibly a lifetime. Diagnosis usually occurs during treatment or testing for another, often unrelated, condition. When they are discovered, they are usually monitored by a doctor for any changes in size or other possible complications.

However, if a liver cyst becomes too large, the patient may experience some symptoms. These symptoms may include abdominal pain or bloating, often caused by an enlarged liver or a blocked bile duct. When a normally benign cyst becomes infected, it can also cause problems and treatment may be necessary.

Depending on the cause of a liver cyst, treatment options may vary. If the cause is an infection, antibiotic treatment is usually needed to clear it up. Other treatment options include surgically removing the cyst or draining it. Also, it is important to treat any underlying disease that may be causing the cysts, as these can be fatal or cause further complications. Any cysts in the liver will likely be removed to prevent problems.

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