Vaginal inflammation, also known as vaginitis, is considered relatively common among women, and it can occur for a variety of reasons. Bacterial, parasitic, and yeast infections can be among the most common causes of vaginal inflammation. Hormonal changes, changes in sexual activity levels, and even allergic reactions to chemicals in perfumes and soaps can cause inflammation of the genital area. While sexually transmitted diseases can be responsible for vaginal inflammation in a number of cases, other medical conditions, including diabetes, can contribute to vaginitis.
Candidiasis yeast infection can be one of the most common causes of vaginal inflammation. Vaginal yeast infections usually occur when candidiasis that is part of the normal flora of the vagina grows out of control, causing symptoms of itching and inflammation. Causes of vaginal yeast infection can include the use of antibiotics, increased levels of sexual activity, or hormonal changes such as those that occur during pregnancy.
Bacterial vaginosis is another common cause of vaginal inflammation. Bacterial vaginosis often occurs when the levels of normal bacteria inside the vagina become unbalanced. Treatment may include antibiotics, although sometimes this bacterial infection resolves on its own.
Personal habits and behaviors can contribute to bacterial vaginosis and vaginal yeast infections. Wearing tight clothing, or fabrics that are not breathable, can increase the temperature and humidity of the vaginal environment, increasing the likelihood of imbalances in the normal flora. Stress can also contribute to imbalances in the normal vaginal flora, as can the hormonal changes that come with pregnancy or the use of hormonal birth control.
Allergic reactions and contact dermatitis caused by chemicals in perfumes, soaps, and douches are another common cause of inflammation. Some women experience allergic reactions to the latex in condoms or diaphragms, or to the spermicides used with them. These women are often advised to avoid latex contraceptive products, as well as scented douches, sanitary products, and soaps.
Many sexually transmitted diseases can cause vaginal inflammation, although other causes may be more common. Diabetes can contribute to vaginitis, especially when blood sugar levels are poorly controlled. Disorders that suppress the immune system can also make women more susceptible to conditions that cause vaginal inflammation.