Swollen gums are not only aesthetically unsightly, but can be an early symptom of gum disease. However, gum disease is not the only cause of swollen gums. The condition can also be caused by improper oral hygiene techniques, irritation from smoking, or chemotherapy. Mouth sores and hormonal changes can also be to blame. Working with a dentist can help people determine the reason for swollen gums.
In an attempt to properly clean their teeth, many people use poor brushing and flossing techniques. Gum tissue is soft and can be easily irritated by overzealous brushing and flossing, leading to swollen gums. To prevent this from happening, many dental professionals recommend using soft-bristled toothbrushes and brushing your teeth in circular motions. People who are concerned about their flossing and brushing habits should talk to their dentist or dental hygienist for instructions on the best way to clean their teeth.
Gum diseases, such as gingivitis and the more serious periodontitis, are often characterized by inflammation of the gums. Gingivitis is caused by the development of plaque on the teeth which irritates the gums causing them to swell, bleed and eventually recede from the teeth. When the gums recede, pockets can form between the gums and the teeth where food and bacteria can enter, making the problem worse and eventually developing into periodontitis.
Since gingivitis is often painless, at least in its early stages, many people are unaware of the condition. Unfortunately, this can have serious consequences as the bacterial infection worsens and can spread from the gums to the teeth and jaw. This can cause tooth loss. The infection can also spread to the bloodstream, which can lead to damage to a person's overall health. For this reason, swollen gums should be reported to a dental professional.
Other causes of swollen gums include irritation in the mouth. Smoking and chewing tobacco, for example, can irritate the gums and cause inflammation. Sores in the mouth, such as canker sores or ulcers caused by chemotherapy, can also cause inflammation of the gums, as can medications. Birth control pills, for example, cause hormonal changes that can lead to swollen and bleeding gums. Similarly, many people find that other types of hormonal changes, such as those experienced by teenagers or pregnant, menstruating, or menopausal women, can cause increased gum sensitivity. For this reason, it is particularly important for teens and pregnant women to take good care of their teeth to prevent damage from gum irritation and disease.