Lymph nodes are small glands found throughout the body that are responsible for helping to filter toxins from the body. Enlarged lymph nodes are caused by infections or other medical conditions, such as inflammatory diseases or cancer. In most cases, enlarged lymph nodes do not require specific medical treatment, although it is important to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis. Once the reason for the enlarged lymph nodes is determined, the underlying condition can be treated, often by reducing the swelling of the lymph nodes.
Infections are the main cause of enlarged lymph nodes. Bacterial infections, such as ear infections or tonsillitis, are common causes of swollen lymph nodes and are usually treated with antibiotics. Viral infections, including the common cold or HIV, can also cause enlarged lymph nodes. Antiviral medications may or may not be given, depending on the type of viral infection present.
Certain medical conditions that cause swelling throughout the body can increase the chances of developing enlarged lymph nodes. These conditions often include lupus or arthritis. Intestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, or irritable bowel syndrome are also known to cause widespread inflammation. Prescription medications designed to reduce inflammation can also reduce lymph node swelling.
Some forms of cancer often cause enlarged lymph nodes, particularly lymphoma or leukemia. If no other sources of swollen lymph nodes can be found, blood tests may be done to confirm the presence of these cancers. Treatment for these conditions may include the use of prescription drugs, chemotherapy, or surgery.
After the cause of enlarged lymph nodes is diagnosed, there may be some home treatments that will help reduce some of the discomfort associated with swollen lymph nodes. A warm compress, such as a heating pad, applied to the affected area for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, several times a day, can help reduce pain and swelling. Some people find it helpful to gently massage the swollen lymph nodes. Drinking hot tea with a little honey can help reduce inflammation, relieving some of the symptoms.
If medical treatment is necessary, the most commonly prescribed medication is an antibiotic, although this method of treatment is useful only if an infection is present. Anti-inflammatory medications can also help reduce some of the symptoms. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis is of great importance so that the underlying condition can be properly treated.