A heel injury can be attributed to a wide variety of factors. Repetitive stress, excessive physical activity, or weight on the heel can cause injury. Heel pain can be the result of injuries sustained to the muscles, ligaments, and bones throughout the heel and foot. Heel injuries can have widespread symptoms such as numbness, tingling, tenderness, swelling, and localized pain. Some of the most common types of heel injuries include a heel spur, plantar fasciitis, heel fractures, and an Achilles tendon rupture.
Heel spurs are one of the most common heel injuries. They are generally defined as bony growths that extend from the heel bone. The bumps can usually be seen on X-rays. Pain can occur if the growth spreads from the heel bone into surrounding tissues. This condition can be the result of jogging, a running injury, or poorly fitting shoes.
Plantar fasciitis is another type of heel injury. A thick band of tissue known as the plantar fascia runs across the bottom of the foot. If this tissue becomes inflamed, it can lead to plantar fasciitis. This can occur from too much stress on the heel. Swelling, bruising, and pain in the heel and foot are some common symptoms of this condition.
Fractures are another way the heel can be injured. A heel can be fractured in a number of ways, including from a fall or car accident. The most prominent symptoms of a heel fracture are usually the inability to bear weight on the heel and pain in the area. If there is a fracture, the entire foot may become stiff and swollen. X-rays of the heel and ankle are often used to diagnose a heel fracture.
An Achilles tendon rupture is a type of heel injury that can result if the tendon, a thick band of tissue, at the back of the heel tears. This injury can occur due to a big fall, trip, or forceful pushing of the foot. Any activity that overstretches the Achilles tendon can cause a rupture. Surgery may be required for this injury.
Medial plantar nerve entrapment is an injury that can result from compression of a medial heel nerve. Constant pain is the most common symptom. The pain can be so intense that standing up can become difficult. A foot device, such as a splint, may be used for this type of heel injury.
A calcaneal fat pad injury can be the result of disruption or damage caused to the calcaneal fat pad or heel. Fatty tissues make up the pad, and its purpose is to cushion the heel bone and absorb shock. Aching and localized pain in the heel are some common symptoms of injury to this tissue. Walking barefoot and applying pressure to the heel can exaggerate symptoms.
There are some steps you can take to avoid injuring your heel. Some ways to prevent injuries include wearing shoes that fit well, avoiding walking on uneven surfaces, and preparing for exercise or physical activity by stretching. Other tips include wearing the right shoes for a given activity, resisting the urge to wear shoes with worn soles and heels, and not walking barefoot on hard surfaces.
If heel pain is severe and persistent, it may be necessary to see a doctor. Left untreated heel injuries can lead to other problems, including torn or torn ligaments, muscle weakness, and a buildup of scar tissue. A doctor can properly diagnose the injury and provide the best method of treatment.