Different types of barrier birth control methods include cervical caps and diaphragms, as well as condoms and contraceptive sponges. Some barrier methods require a physical exam and a prescription, while others are available without a prescription. It is important to note that these methods are most effective when used as directed and that not following the instructions can put people at increased risk of pregnancy.
Cervical caps, diaphragms, and Lea's shield work by creating a physical barrier that prevents sperm from entering the uterus. Before people have sex, they apply lubricants and spermicide and insert the devices, which fit snugly over the cervix. Diaphragms and cervical caps are made from latex, while silicone is used to make Lea's shield. To receive these barrier methods, women must go to a gynecologist for a physical exam that includes measurements, and the doctor will write a prescription.
Another option is a vaginal sponge. These devices are coated with spermicide and are inserted to block and kill sperm. The contraceptive sponge is available at many drugstores. Pharmacies also stock condoms. The male condom is a barrier method most commonly made with latex that is slipped over the penis to prevent sperm from entering the vaginal canal. Female condoms made of polyurethane are inserted into the vagina. Condoms can help prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections, as well as being effective barrier methods.
There are several things to consider when choosing a birth control method. Barrier methods are used every time people have sex, unlike hormonal methods, where people need to take regular doses at set intervals for birth control to be effective. A gynecologist can provide more information about available options and may have specific advice based on the patient's history and personal preferences.
People with latex allergies can find latex-free options that will allow them to use barrier methods without experiencing allergic reactions. Women who have been pregnant before may want to avoid cervical caps, as the failure rate of these devices is higher in women with a history of one or more pregnancies. Similarly, people who think they may have trouble cleaning, caring for, and inserting a barrier device like a sponge or diaphragm should consider condoms. This single-use barrier method is easy to use and is often available free of charge from public health agencies for people who cannot afford other birth control options.
The dental dam is a barrier method that works only for the control of sexually transmitted infections. It can be used for a variety of sexual activities to limit the spread of herpes and other infections, but it will not prevent pregnancy.