Under-eye swelling, or edema, is usually caused by normal aging, hypothyroidism, allergies, infections, or lifestyle choices. Sometimes hormones related to pregnancy or menstruation can cause bloating. The swelling can be treated with cold compresses or by taking preventative measures, such as lifestyle changes. Occasionally, people with eye inflammation may need surgery.
As people age, the delicate skin around the eyes becomes thinner and also tends to lose its elasticity. Sometimes the fat under the skin begins to swell or fill out the less elastic tissue, which can lead to long-term puffiness or puffiness under the eyes. It can be treated with cosmetic surgery.
Hypothyroidism can be a cause of general facial swelling, including swelling under the eye. This is caused by mucopolysaccharides, or long chains of sugar molecules, drawing fluid into the tissue under the eye. If the inflammation is chronic, and if a person is suffering from other symptoms of hypothyroidism, such as cold intolerance, lethargy, and/or weight gain, a thyroid test may be warranted.
Allergies are sometimes responsible for puffiness under the eyes. Reactions can occur with exposure to animal dander, foods, plants, and many other environmental agents, even when a person has not reacted to them in the past. Antihistamines are often the treatment of choice for common allergens.
Blepharitis, or inflammation of the eyelids, is an infection that can cause swelling under and around the eyes. Symptoms may include itching, excessive tearing, a feeling of having something in the eye, or burning. Treatment may include antibiotic ointment or drops.
Conjunctivitis can be viral, bacterial, or due to an allergen. This is a highly contagious disease that can cause swelling under the eyes, redness in the whites of the eye, or itching or burning. This disease is usually treated with antibiotic ointment or eye drops.
A stye can also cause swelling around the eyes. This is a bacterial infection in which the oil glands at the base of the eyelashes become inflamed. Styes look like little bumps, similar to acne, and like acne, they should not be popped because that could spread bacteria. They are usually treated with antibiotics.
Lifestyle choices are another common cause of under eye puffiness. Sleeping too much, being sleep deprived, or eating a high-salt diet can cause fluid retention throughout the body, including under the eyes. Alcohol tends to dehydrate the body and can lead to puffiness under the eyes. Getting enough sleep and eating or drinking in moderation are necessary steps to avoid lifestyle-related eye problems.
Hormonal changes during menstruation and pregnancy can also contribute to puffy eyes and face. During hormonal fluctuations, the body can retain fluids. In addition to the common premenstrual abdominal swelling, the skin under the eyes may be slightly inflamed. People can treat this type of swelling by staying hydrated. Some beauty experts recommend placing used tea bags, cucumber slices, or cold compresses over the eyes for several minutes to cool the area and cause blood vessels to shrink.