The tonsils are lymph nodes in the back of the throat that play a role in fighting infection. The most common cause of a swollen tonsil is the common cold virus, but it is sometimes caused by other viral or bacterial infections. The most common bacterial causative agent is the bacteria that causes strep throat. The tonsils produce white blood cells that fight bacteria and viruses. When they are overwhelmed by an infection, they become swollen and inflamed, causing the condition known as tonsillitis.
A swollen tonsil is most often seen in children between preschool and mid-teens. Sometimes both tonsils may be swollen, instead of just one. In addition to this symptom, they may experience a fever, sore throat, or headache. Swallowing may be painful and they may speak in a hoarse voice. Tonsils may be red and may contain white or yellow spots.
A doctor should be consulted when these symptoms are observed, as complications can arise if the condition is not treated. Frequent episodes of a swollen tonsil can cause a condition known as sleep apnea, which is the temporary cessation of breathing during sleep. Other complications include infection spreading to surrounding tissues in the throat, or the airway becoming completely blocked. In cases where a swollen tonsil is caused by strep throat, the untreated condition can lead to very serious medical conditions.
If tests show that the swollen tonsil is caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics will be prescribed. Depending on the severity of the infection, they may be given as an injection or in pill form. If pills are prescribed, it is imperative that they are taken for the full recommended period. Sometimes a parent stops giving the medication once symptoms subside. This could result in the infection not being removed.
Other medical recommendations for tonsil problems may include drinking plenty of fluids, especially warm ones instead of hot ones. Gargling with warm salt water may help. Throat lozenges containing benzocaine can relieve pain, but young children should not use them due to the potential for choking. The administration of acetaminophen can also help with pain and fever, but aspirin should never be given to a child.
Hygiene practices can also help prevent a swollen tonsil from coming back. Children can be trained to wash their hands thoroughly and frequently, particularly after visiting the bathroom or before meals. They should also refrain from sharing food and drinks with others. Instructing a child to sneeze or cough into a tissue or her elbow can help prevent the spread of infection.