Basic throat pain or irritation, which can be made worse by swallowing, is known as a sore throat. While many sore throats heal quickly with the use of prescription medications or over-the-counter remedies, a persistent or chronic sore throat can last for weeks or months. There are a variety of problems that can cause a persistent sore throat, including but not limited to smoking, throat tumors, allergies, and chronic diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Cigarettes contain chemicals that can cause throat irritation. Regular smokers can develop a persistent sore throat as a result of inflammation from these substances. People who live with smokers or spend a lot of time around smokers may also be at risk.
A person who has a persistent sore throat and is not finding relief should seek medical attention, especially if they notice a lump in their throat or neck. A long-term sore throat combined with a lump in the neck can be a sign of throat cancer. A medical professional may do a biopsy to see if the tumor is cancerous or if there is another condition causing the symptoms.
Common allergens can also cause a persistent sore throat. Household mold is an allergen known to cause long-term sore throats. Even if mold isn't visible in a home, it can hide in vents and behind walls. If a patient notices that their sore throat symptoms are worse at night and improve when spending long periods of time outside the home, mold may be to blame.
Serious conditions can also cause a person to have a persistent sore throat. HIV causes an infected patient to have a compromised immune system. Having a weakened immune system makes HIV patients more prone to viruses and infections, which can lead to sore throats. HIV-infected patients are also at high risk for oral candidiasis, which is a yeast infection in the mouth. If left untreated, thrush can cause a sore throat as a side effect.
Simple lifestyle changes can help make a difference in the lives of people with chronic sore throats. Your allergy sufferer should do everything possible to avoid allergy triggers and take medications as directed by a doctor during allergy season. People should avoid exposure to tobacco smoke to prevent throat irritation. Smokers should consider talking to a health care provider to get the support they need to quit.