Pharyngitis is a medical condition characterized by a swollen pharynx, which is the part of the throat and neck located immediately behind the oral cavity. People affected with this condition experience a sore throat, which may be accompanied by a headache, fever, or swollen lymph nodes. Other symptoms may include a runny nose, difficulty swallowing, and difficulty breathing.
A variety of factors can cause pharyngitis, all of which are different types of microorganisms. Most cases are caused by viral infections, with the most common infections being the flu, the common cold, mononucleosis, adenovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Other viruses that can cause it include adenovirus, measles, herpes simplex, coxsackie virus, and Epstein-Barr virus.
Certain types of bacterial infections can also lead to pharyngitis, including group A strep, which is responsible for strep throat. In fact, this bacterium is responsible for approximately 15% of cases. Strep throat can also lead to serious complications, including kidney dysfunction, rheumatic fever, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
Other bacterial infections that can cause pharyngitis include Arcanobacterium either Corynebacterium haemolvyticus , Chlamydia Y Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Corynbacterium diphtheriae Y Neisseria gonnorrhoeae . Group C, G, and F streptococcus can also cause the condition. This group represents approximately 10% of cases.
Some rarer types of bacteria can also cause pharyngitis. These include Francisella tularensis species of borrelia , Corynebacterium ulcerans and species of Yersinia .
Since respiratory illnesses, bacterial infections, and viral infections occur more frequently in the cooler months, pharyngitis is more common during the same season. Additionally, swelling can be caused by dry air, which is common in the winter months as a result of indoor heating. There are also causes that do not involve microorganisms, such as chemical injuries, smoking, gastroesophageal reflux disease, endotracheal intubation, and neoplasia. Allergies and postnasal drip can also lead to pharyngitis.
The proper treatment of pharyngitis depends on the underlying cause. If it is caused by a bacterial infection, it can be treated with antibiotics. To treat symptoms, a doctor may recommend taking pain relievers, gargling with warm salt water, and drinking plenty of fluids.