The trapezius is a long muscle that extends from the base of the skull to the shoulder. Since you move your neck and shoulder, you commonly tense up during concentration and are prone to repetitive stress injury (RSI). A minor trapezius injury can be treated with rest in a neutral position and ice for the first 48 hours. After the first two days and once the swelling has subsided, heat, massage, and over-the-counter pain relievers can help relieve pain. A more serious injury may require diagnostic imaging, such as an X-ray or CT scan, to determine the appropriate treatment.
Trapezius injury can be difficult to diagnose. Neck pain may manifest in a different location than the actual injury. A tight trapezius muscle can knot up and radiate pain signals that appear to be in a different location in the neck than the actual site of injury. Office workers, factory workers or any person who remains in the same position for a long time runs the risk of pain and tension in the trapeze, called the myalgia of the trapezoid. The trapezius can also be injured during sudden movements during sports or as a result of a car accident.
Immediately after a trapezius injury, resting your head and neck in a neutral position will help prevent further injury and allow strained muscles to heal. A supportive bed pillow should be used while sleeping, as poor sleeping positions can aggravate injured muscles. Applying a cold pack to the injured muscle in the first 48 hours causes the blood vessels to constrict, reducing blood flow and swelling in the affected area. Sitting upright keeping your head in a neutral position also reduces blood flow to the area.
After the first two days have passed and once the initial swelling has subsided, the heat will help stimulate blood flow to the area and help the trapezius injury heal. If there is still pain, the muscle may be inflamed, putting pressure on the nerves. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory pain relievers, such as ibuprofen, will reduce painful swelling.
Further injury to the trapezius can be prevented by strengthening the trapezius and other neck muscles through stretching and exercise, specifically weight training. It may also be helpful to take frequent breaks during repetitive work to move around so your muscles can stretch and prevent spasms. Improving work posture and ergonomic design of workspaces can help prevent repetitive stress injuries to the trapezius.
Danger signs of a more serious trapezius injury include numbness, dizziness, or increased pain when you move your head. Numbness or weakness in the arm could mean a nerve is damaged and should be evaluated by a doctor. If the pain lasts more than 2 or 3 weeks, physical therapy can help with healing.